东江河流底泥PAHs的分布特征研究.doc
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- 东江 河流 PAHs 分布 特征 研究
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1、摘要多环芳烃是环境中典型的毒害有机污染物,这类化合物被美国环保局(US EPA)列为优先控制污染物。由于有机污染物的亲脂增水性,也被称为疏水性有机化合物(HOCs),吸附作用是其在环境中重要的迁移转化行为之一。自然有机质是土壤和水环境种十分重要的组成部分,它极易与疏水性有机物发生相互作用,从而改变了其在环境中的分布、迁移和生物有效性,进一步影响其生物降解及对生物的毒性效应。因此,了解有毒有机污染物在地表系统种的地球化学行为和生态环境效应具有重要意义。本文以东江流域河流底泥中的多环芳烃为目标化合物,实验通过索式抽提对目标化合物进行提取,采用旋转蒸发浓缩样品,硅胶氧化铝净化柱对样品进行净化,最后以
2、气相色谱质谱仪(GCMS)对样品进行分析检测,初步探讨在东江河流底泥中PAHs的成分、含量、变化及分布规律。得到如下初步认识和结论:东江主干道河流底泥中多环芳烃的浓度为0.03841.254mg/kg。从PAHs组成的特点来看,底泥中以三环和四环的多环芳烃为主。关键词:东江 多环芳烃 成分含量 分布特征AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is typical toxic pollutants in the environment, This typical of organic pollutants listed as priority
3、 pollutants. Due to its hydrophobic character, organic pollutants are also called hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs). Sorption is one of the key proceses affecting transformation and transport for HOCs in the environment. Natural organic matter (NOM) is the most important composition in the soils/
4、sediments and aquatic environment, tending to react with HOCs and affect its distribution, bioavailability, bioaccumulation, mass transfer, pollutants transport, and biodegradation in the environment. So it would be very important significance to understand the geochemistry behavior and the environm
5、ent effect of toxic organic pollutants in the system of earths surface.In this thesis PAHs in the Dongjiang River was selected as target contaminants. Experimental through cable-extraction treatment test compounds extracted, a rotary evaporator, the samples were concentrated, alumina - silica gel pu
6、rification of the sample purification, Finally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze samples to detect in the region into the sediment , the content and distribution of changes in the law. In this study , several results were summarized as following:The PAH concentrations in the R
7、iver sediment of Dongjiang River from 0.0384 1.254mg/kg. PAHs from the composition of the characteristics, in the River sediment ,both three-and four-ring PAHs dominated the patterms.Keywords: Dongjiang River, PAHs, Constituents,Distribution of changes in the law.目录引言1第一章 绪 论21.1PAH的定义,特征、参数和危害21.2国
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