150td垃圾渗滤液处理工程设计.doc

1、摘要城市垃圾的产量与日俱增，已经给城市环境与居民健康都带来了很大的危害。因此，如何采取相应的措施和方法对城市垃圾进行处理，已成为不可忽视的大事。目前，国内外城市垃圾的处置主要有焚烧、卫生填埋、地表堆放、堆肥等。垃圾填埋因其具有技术成熟、处理费用低、管理和运输方便等优点而被广泛地应用。但是垃圾填埋产生的垃圾渗滤液是一种很难处理的有毒有害的高浓度有机废水, 这种废水若处理不当, 就会引起地面水、地下水、土壤等严重二次污染, 并对生态系统和人体健康带来巨大威胁。我的设计处理量为150吨每天。设计时严格遵从以下原则。严格执行国家有关环境保护的各项法规；采用先进、成熟、合理、可靠、节能的工艺，确保处理量

2、及水质排放达到标准。对于工艺中所采用的设备要求工况稳定，能耗低，完全能满足生产要求；在整体改造思路中尽量使全套污水处理系统自动化水平最大化；流程布局合理，整体感强，外观装饰美观大方，环境绿化优美；在上述前题下，做到投资少，运行费用低。渗滤液经处理后，其出水水质标准要达到生活杂用水水质标准CJ25.1-89中规定一级标准。文中首先介绍了本设计的背景资料，并列出相关设计依据和原则。接着，简要介绍了垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质特征，并对渗滤液的处理工艺如好氧处理、厌氧处理、厌氧-好氧联合处理、物化处理及土地处理进行了简要的论述和讨论。文章的主体部分将阐述本处理工艺的基本原理，设计过程，相关构筑物及设备的选择

3、说明。在附录中，本文将给出本工艺的部分图解。关键词：垃圾渗滤液，氨氮，生物接触氧化AbstractThe output of waste from cities grows day by day. It has brought great harm to both the urban environment and the inhabitant health. Therefore, takeing the corresponding countermeasure and the method to treat the town refuse has become the noticeable

4、important matter.At present, the methodes of treating the city waste are mainly burning down, the health filling in buries, the surface piling up, the compost and so on, both indomestic and foreign countries.Trash filling in buries is widely applied.Because the technology is mature, the processing e

5、xpense is low, management and transportation is convenience and so on.Leachate is formed when water passes through the waste in the landfill cell.It is the virulent harmful and highly concentrated organic waste water. It is very difficult to process.If it was treated improperly, it would pollute the

6、 ground water, the underground water, the soil and so on ,which is called the second-time pollution. Even worse,it would brings the huge threat to the ecosystem and the human body health.The load is 150 tons a day in my design.In the design When processing, several principles should be obeyed.Variou

7、s country-standard laws and regulations that related to environmental protection should be strictly executed. Advanced, mature, reasonable，energy conservation craft is used to ensure the load of process and the quality of discharged water to achieve the standard. Equipment operated in the craft whic

8、h requires steady work condition, low energy consumption, shall absolutely satisfy the production request. Maximize the automation level of the sewage treatment system following the whole transformation programming. Make the process reasonable, integral, beautiful in the decoration of appearance, ex

9、quisite in the environment afforestation. Under the above premise, try best to reduce the investment charge, low the operating cost.After being processed, the water quality of the leachate should achieve the first class standard which is stipulated in the “the water quality standard of domestic wate

10、r CJ25.1-89”The background of my design is given firstly. Also the related principles and reculations of the treatment are listed . Second，the feature of landfill leachate is simply introduced.The methods and technologies on treatment of landfill leachate, such as aerobic, anaerobic, anaerobic-aerob

11、ic, physicochemical，as well as landfill treatment , are reviewed and discussed. The main body of the article will elaborate the the basic principle, process, related constructions and the chosen equipments in the design. At the supplement, there are several drawing of the treatment made by AutoCAD.K

12、eywords:Landfill leachate, Ammonia nitrogen，Biological contact oxidation目 录1 绪 论11.1 设计背景资料11.2设计水量11.3 设计进出水水质指标11.4 设计依据21.5 设计原则22 垃圾渗滤液特征及处理现状32.1 垃圾渗滤液特征32.2 垃圾渗滤液的处理方法介绍42.2.1 生物法处理渗滤液42.2.2 物化法62.2.3 土地法83 垃圾渗滤液处理工艺分析及介绍93.1 处理工艺分析93.2 流程各结构说明103.2.1 调节池103.2.2 初次沉淀池103.2.3 氨氮吹脱塔103.2.4 上流式厌氧

13、污泥反应床103.2.5 生物接触氧化池113.2.6 二次沉淀池133.2.7 消毒接触池143.2.8 污泥浓缩池144 处理工艺设计计算154.1调节池154.1.1设计说明154.1.2 设计计算154.1.3 运行结果184.2 初次沉淀池184.2.1 设计说明184.2.2 设计计算194.2.3 运行结果214.3 吹脱塔214.3.1 设计说明214.3.2 设计计算224.2.3 运行结果234.4 上流式厌氧污泥反应床（UASB）234.4.1设计说明234.4.2 设计计算234.4.3 运行结果244.5 生物接触氧化池244.5.1 设计说明244.5.2设计计算2

14、54.5.3 运行结果274.6 二次沉淀池274.6.1 设计说明274.6.2 设计计算274.6.3 运行结果304.7 消毒接触池304.8 污泥浓缩池324.8.1 设计说明324.7.2 设计计算324.7.3 运行结果355 总体布置365.1平面布置365.2 高程布置365.2.1 高程布置原则365.2.2 高程损失计算365.2.3 高程布置结果386 投资估算396.1 土建工程396.2 设备396.3 其他40结论41参考文献42致谢43431 绪 论城市垃圾的产量与日俱增，给城市环境与居民健康都带来了很大的危害。因此，如何对城市垃圾采取相应的对策和方法进行处置，已

15、成为不可忽视的大事。目前，国内外城市垃圾的处置主要有焚烧、卫生填埋、地表堆放、堆肥等。1996年美国每年产生209亿吨城市固体垃圾，其中大约61%是通过卫生填埋处理的；而在中国1997年就产生了1060亿吨工业固体垃圾，其中仅45%被合理地处置，且大部分也是通过垃圾填埋场处理的，可见，垃圾填埋因其具有技术成熟、处理费用低、管理和运输方便等优点而被广泛地应用。但是垃圾填埋产生的垃圾渗滤液是一种很难处理的有毒有害的高浓度有机废水, 这种废水若处理不当, 就会引起地面水、地下水、土壤等严重二次污染, 并对生态系统和人体健康带来巨大威胁。由于其成分复杂, 加之水质及水量变化很大, 迄今为止国内外尚无切实有效的处理方法。垃圾渗滤液处理问题已引起了国内外环境科学工作者的广泛关注。1.1 设计背景资料某市城市垃圾组分上具有有机成分高、可回收物质少，热值较高(7.84MJ/Kg)等特点。预测到2015年日产垃圾总量可达到3000吨/天。其中，有机物含量占总垃圾量的65；可燃烧垃圾占25左右；不能堆肥或燃