外文翻译-煤炭绿色开采的激励机制研究.doc

1、英文原文Study on incentive mechanisms of coal green miningLu Ming-yin，Zhang Zhen-fang，Meng Xing，Li DaiAbstractThrough summing up the research situation of green mining incentive mechanism home and abroad, the obstacles which cumber the implementation of green mining from market, organization and technol

2、ogy in our country are analyzed. The result of the analytical model, which analyzes market obstacles, indicates that the profit margin of traditional mining is higher than that of green mining which results in the shortage of the green mining. Finally, the green mining incentive mechanism is constru

3、cted from three aspects including market incentive, governmental incentive and technical incentive. Specially, the governmental incentive is analyzed by game theory.Key words: green mining; incentive mechanism; analytical model; game theory1. Introduction The concept of green mining was brought forw

4、ard by academician Qian Ming-gao in 2003 at China University of Mining and Technology. Green mining is a sort of modern mining pattern which comprehensively considers the efficiency of resource mining and the influence on environment. It aims to make sure that the efficiency of resource mining is th

5、e highest; the influence on environment is the smallest and brings in coordination and optimization between the benefit of enterprise and society. 1 The proposition of green mining adapts to the demand of resource caused by the economic development. Therefore, it receives approvals home and abroad.2

6、. Present research situation of incentive mechanism to coal green mining home and abroad2.1. Present research situation of incentive mechanism to coal green mining abroad The industrialized developed countries overseas took the influence on environment of the mining area created by mineral resource

7、exploiture seriously quite early. Thus, they have gained rich experience in environmental protection and restoration. The US and Germany are the earliest countries that have paid attention to the ecological environmental repair of mining area. Australia owns much mineral resource. After long-term ec

8、ological environmental repair of mining area, it has obtained considerable success. A set of perfect procedures and method has been formed on the decision-making and legislation of coal industry in the US. The US coal industry, which strictly keeps the laws, has successfully exploited under the most

9、 strict security, health and environmental protection, and legal supervision in the world. The US Federal state carries on the environmental protection surveillance and the management according to the laws and regulations to coal enterprise. Open cut mining Control and Renew Field Law, which largely

10、 affects the US coal mining, has made great progress since its implementation. After picking of the open cut coal mine, the original landform like surface, surface soil water source, ecological environment, etc. must be restored. The demand of underground mining is prevention of the submergence of g

11、round; the well which will no longer be used should be sealed up; backfill of the gangue as much as possible; the stabilization of the hillock and so on. An owner of a mine must pay the earnest of repairing field before mining, 35 cent/t for the surface bituminous coal, 10 cent/t for surface lignite

12、, 15 cent/t for mines underground. The earnest must be enough for all the intending restore field expense which is confirmed by the state environmental protection bureau. The earnest will be returned to the owner after the restoration of the fields according to certain procedures. Returning 40% for

13、finishing restoration, 22% for restoration of the surface soil, 20% for completing the vegetation, others will be returned after the ministry of agriculture qualified according to restoration of ecology ten years later .Punishing one year imprisonment or 10,000 US dollars will be given to law breake

14、r. The one who does not plan to restore the fields will be given the fine or the criminal punishment. Germany started the mining area environment repair from the 1920s. The German government takes the environmental protection seriously. In the mine environment repair, Germany has a quite complete le

15、gal framework. German “Federal Mining method” requires that the necessary earnest of mine closure and fields restoration must be paid before authorized to mine. Meanwhile, taxes are collected from mineral resource and enterprise behavior is standardization. The historical debt is undertaken together

16、 by the Federal state and the State authority. In Australia, laws and regulations towards the environmental pollution and destruction by gangue, waste gas, waste water, collapse and noises created in the procedure of coal production have been made, which supervise coal enterprises to be engaged in the environmental protection seriously. The environmental protection organization is formed with representatives from various aspects, which make th