煤矿空压机基于PLC的控制系统的设计.doc

1、摘 要空气压缩机(简称空压机)是一种用来压缩气体提高气体压力或输送气体的机械。空压机的用途很广，几乎遍及工农业、国防、科技、民用等各个领域。空气压缩机的安全生产保护对于煤矿企业的生产是十分重要的。可编程控制器(PLC)将传统的继电器控制技术、计算机控制技术和通信技术融为一体，专为工业控制而设计。本设计以煤矿井下储气罐为控制对象，系统主要由3台空压机、1台变频器、PLC以及线性远传压力传感器等组成。其中PLC、变频器、空压机组和压力传感器组成闭环反馈控制系统，使供气压力保持恒定。PLC根据控制各台空压机的运行状态(如工频运行、变频运行、停止)，从而控制空压机的运行台数，在大范围上控制供气气压；

2、变频器内部PID调节器控制变频器对变频电机进行速度调节，在小范围上控制供气气压。空压机电机的速度调节采用变频调速技术，利用变频器对空压机进行速度控制。关键词：空气压缩机；可编程控制器（PLC）控制系统；变频器；PID调节器；压力传感器摘 要空气压缩机(简称空压机)是一种用来压缩气体提高气体压力或输送气体的机械。空压机的用途很广，几乎遍及工农业、国防、科技、民用等各个领域。空气压缩机的安全生产保护对于煤矿企业的生产是十分重要的。可编程控制器(PLC)将传统的继电器控制技术、计算机控制技术和通信技术融为一体，专为工业控制而设计。本系统主要由3台空压机、1台变频器、PLC以及线性远传压力传感器等组成

3、。其中PLC、变频器、空压机组和压力传感器组成闭环反馈控制系统。使供气压力保持恒定。PLC根据控制各台空压机的运行状态(如工频运行、变频运行、停止)，从而控制空压机的运行台数，在大范围上控制供气气压； 变频器内部PID调节器控制变频器对变频电机进行速度调节，在小范围上控制供气气压。空压机电机的速度调节采用变频调速技术，利用变频器对空压机进行速度控制。关键词：空气压缩机；可编程控制器（PLC）控制系统；变频器；PID调节器；压力传感器ABSTRACTAir compressor ( referred to as the compressor) is a method used to increa

4、se the gas pressure of compressed gas or gas transportation machinery. Air compressor is widely used, almost throughout the industry and agriculture, national defence, science and technology, civil and other fields. Air compressor safety protection for coal mine enterprises production is very import

5、ant. Programmable controller ( PLC ) will be the traditional relay control technology, computer control technology and communication technology com., designed specifically for industrial control and design.The system consists of 3 air compressors,1 frequency converters, PLC and linear remote pressur

6、e sensor and so on. The PLC, inverter, air compressor and pressure sensor composed of closed-loop feedback control system. The supply pressure constant. PLC according to the control of the air compressors operating state ( such as frequency operation, frequency operation, stop ), thereby controlling

7、 the compressor running numbers, in a wide range of control of gas pressure regulator control; inverter internal PID converter for variable frequency motor speed regulation, on a smaller scale control of gas pressure. Air compressor motor speed regulation with frequency conversion technology, the us

8、e of frequency converter speed control for air compressor.Key words: Air compressor; Programmable Logic Controller ( PLC ) control system; Frequency converter; PID regulator; Pressure sensorABSTRACTAir compressor ( referred to as the compressor) is a method used to increase the gas pressure of compr

9、essed gas or gas transportation machinery. Air compressor is widely used, almost throughout the industry and agriculture, national defence, science and technology, civil and other fields. Air compressor safety protection for coal mine enterprises production is very important. Programmable controller

10、 ( PLC ) will be the traditional relay control technology, computer control technology and communication technology com., designed specifically for industrial control and design.The design of coal mine gas storage tank as the control object, the system is mainly composed of 3 air compressors,1 frequ

11、ency converters, PLC and linear remote pressure sensor and so on.PLC and linear remote pressure sensor and so on. PLC and linear remote pressure sensor and so on. The PLC, inverter, air compressor and pressure sensor composed of closed-loop feedback control system. The supply pressure constant. PLC

12、according to the control of the air compressors operating state ( such as frequency operation, frequency operation, stop ), thereby controlling the compressor running numbers, in a wide range of control of gas pressure regulator control; inverter internal PID converter for variable frequency motor s

13、peed regulation, on a smaller scale control of gas pressure. Air compressor motor speed regulation with frequency conversion technology, the use of frequency converter speed control for air compressor.Key words: Air compressor; Programmable Logic Controller ( PLC ) control system; Frequency converte

14、r; PID regulator; Pressure sensor目录摘要Abstract 第1章 绪论11.1 空气压缩机的发展与现状11.2本课题研究的目的与意义21.3设计内容3第2章 变频恒压供气系统方案的设计52.1变频恒压供气方法的设计52.2控制系统的工作原理52.2.1空压机变频调速要求62.2.2空压机切换工作过程72.3本章小结8第3章 控制系统的硬件设计93.1 控制系统的要求及分析93.2控制系统I/O配置93.3 PLC系统的硬件选型设计103.3.1 PLC的产生和发展103.3.2 PLC的基本结构103.3.3 PLC的基本工作原理103.3.4 PLC的主要特

15、点123.3.5 PLC的选型153.3.6 变频器的选择163.3.7 传感器的选择163.4 PLC电气控制系统原理图173.4.1 主电气原理图173.4.2 控制电气原理图183.4.3 PLC外围控制电气接线图193.5 本章小结23第4章 控制系统软件设计244.1软件设计分析244.2 梯形图程序设计254.3 系统流程图264.4 本章小结31结论32参考文献33致谢341第1章 绪 论1.1煤矿空压机发展与现状随着微型计算机技术和自动控制技术的不断进步与发展，许多领域中都引入了计算机自动检测与控制技术。在煤矿中甚至许多有风动机械的企业，因工作性质的需要，都离不开空气压缩机。目前空气压缩机的种类很多，按工作原理可分为容积式压缩机,往复式压缩机,离心式压缩机,容积式压缩机的工作原理是压缩气体的体积，使单位体积内气体分子的密度增加以提高压缩空气的压力；离心式压缩机的工作原理是提高气体分子的运动速度，使气体分子具有的动能转化为气体的压力能，从而提高压缩空气的压力。往复式压缩机(也称活塞式压缩机)的工作原理是直接压缩气体,当气体达到一定压力后排出。目前主要用的是活塞式压缩机。活塞式压缩机主要是向大容量、高压力、低噪声