1、摘 要空气相对湿度对工农业产品的生产工艺和人体生活环境的舒适感有着举足轻重的影响。我国大部分地区属于亚热带气候，特别是长江流域及以南地区，空气相对比较潮湿，对除湿技术的需求尤为突出。除湿技术目前主要有冷冻除湿、固体除湿和液体除湿等。柜式除湿机采用冷冻除湿技术，具有结构简单、运行方便、可靠性高和能够连续除湿等优点 。目前广泛应用于生物、环保、冶金、化工、石化、航空航天等领域。本论文介绍了柜式除湿机的工作原理以及主要的结构组成，并简单介绍了目前国内外冷冻除湿技术的现状和改进。论文中的柜式除湿机采用冷冻除湿技术，其原理是将湿空气的温度降低到露点温度析出冷凝水，再将空气通过冷凝器再热。柜式除湿机系统主
2、要部件由蒸发器、风冷冷凝器、水冷冷凝器、压缩机、膨胀阀和风机等组成。其中水冷冷凝器的作用是带走部分冷凝热，从而起到调节除湿机出风温度的作用。本论文中的柜式除湿机主要由制冷系统、送风系统和电气系统三大系统组成。在制冷系统中，由压缩机压缩出来的高温高压制冷剂气体进入水冷冷凝器和风冷冷凝器，将热量传给空气和冷却水，冷凝成常温高压制冷剂液体。冷凝后的制冷剂液体经节流阀节流后进入蒸发器，吸收空气中的热量蒸发成低温低压的气体，再进入压缩机压缩，如此往复循环。在送风系统中，湿空气经过过滤器被吸入后，在蒸发器内被冷却到机器露点温度以下，析出冷凝水。然后在进入风冷冷凝器中吸收冷凝热升温，降低空气的相对湿度。而电
3、气系统就是控制压缩机与风机的开关。本论文描写的是一台8kg/h柜式除湿机的设计。其设计内容包括蒸发器和风冷冷凝器的设计、压缩机的选型、水冷冷凝器的选型和风机的选型。本课题采用理论计算法，根据给定的条件计算出系统热负荷，确定压缩机。根据确定的制冷量，在取得最大除湿量的情况下确定最佳风量，从而得到实际除湿量为8.40kg/h。然后进行热平衡计算和制冷循环计算确定各部分的热负荷，并以此进行蒸发器和风冷冷凝器的结构设计确定其结构。最后对蒸发器和冷凝器进行传热计算和阻力压降计算，并选择合适的风机。本论文中的除湿机设计着重考虑蒸发器和冷凝器的空气侧的强化传热。在蒸发器和冷凝器中采用整体套片式肋片，提高换热
4、器空气侧换热系数，从而提高换热器的整体换热系数，降低换热器的尺寸结构。考虑到水蒸气在翅片上析出大量冷凝水，为便其顺利留下，翅片采用亲水膜处理。此外，在本论文中的除湿机系统中，在风冷冷凝器的进出口之间设计一个流量调节阀，当流量调节阀全开时，风冷冷凝器里没有制冷剂流过，机组出风温度可达到蒸发器出口温度。也就是说，本论文中的除湿机系统没有调温盲区。关键词：除湿机 蒸发器 冷凝器 压缩机VAbstractThe relative humidity of the air plays an important role in the production process of industrial pro
5、ducts for agricultural products and the comfortable feeling in our daily life. A majority of areas in our country belong to subtropical climate. Especially, at Yangtze Valley and in south area of it, the relative humidity of the air is relatively high. Therefore, in these areas, the demand of dehumi
6、difying technology is particularly outstanding. Dehumidifying technology mainly includes cooling dehumidifier, solid desiccant, and liquid desiccant, etc. By being used cooling dehumidification, chest-type dehumidifier has the advantages of simple structure, operation convenience, high reliability,
7、and continuous dehumidification, etc. Currently, the technology is wildly applied to biology, environmental protection, metallurgy, chemical engineering, petrochemical industry, and aerospace, etc.The working principle and the main components of the chest-type dehumidifier, and the status and improv
8、ement of cooling dehumidification at home and abroad are described in the thesis. Cooling dehumidification is applied to the chest-type dehumidifier. The principle of it is that by lowing the temperature below the apparatus dew-point temperature, moist air is precipitated condensed water, and then i
9、s pumped into condensers to reheat. The main components of chest-type dehumidifier are evaporator, air-cooled condenser, condenser with water cooling, compressor, expansion valve, fans and so on. By undertaking the part of task of condensing heat, the temperature of the air at the outlet of dehumidi
10、fier can be regulated through condenser with water cooling. The chest-type dehumidification in this thesis has three parts, which are refrigeration system, air supply system, and electrical system. In refrigeration system, the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant gas which is compressed by
11、 a compressor is pumped into condenser with water cooling and air-cooled condenser. The heat passed to air and cooling water and the gas is condensed into high-pressure liquid. Then the high-pressure liquid is pumped into the evaporator after being throttled by expansion valve. It evaporates into th
12、e low temperature and low pressure gas by absorbing the heat from air. Then it is sucked into the compressor for compression, and the cycle is repeated again and again. In the supply system, the wet air sucked into the evaporator after being filtered is cooled below the apparatus dew-point temperatu
13、re, and precipitated condensed water. Then the low-temperature air is pumped into air-cooled condenser absorbing condensing heat to rise the temperature. The function of electrical system is to control the compressor and fans to start work at the same time.The design of an 8kg/h chest-type dehumidif
14、ier is described in the paper. The main point is the designs of evaporator and air-cooled condenser and the selection of compressor, condenser with water cooling and fans. This topic research method is theoretical calculation. According to the condition of air given, after calculating the thermal lo
15、ad of the system and selecting the right compressor, we can calculate the optimum air flow rate based on the cooling capacity of compressor and get the actual amount of dehumidification8.4kg/h. Then, by the heat balance calculation and the refrigeration of thermodynamic calculation, we can calculate
16、 the heat load of each part of system, and determined the structure of the evaporator and air-cooled condenser. Finally, we conduct the heat transfer calculation and the resistance calculation of the heat exchanger and select the right fans.The problems of strengthening of air-side heat exchanger were considered seriously in the design of dehumidifier. To improve the air-side heat transfer coefficient, improve the whole heat transfer coef
