1、 翻译部分 外文原文：Real-Time Monitoring and Early Warning Techniques of Water Inrush through Coal Floor(Dewu Jin,Gang Zheng,Zaibin Liu,Yingfeng Liu,Xiqi Pang)Abstract Water inrush through coal floor is a common hazard in the coal mining process of coal fields in northern China.Monitoring and early warning o
2、f water inrushes is a new topic of the disaster prevention and reduction work.Some basic questions,concerning the monitoring conditions,the monitoring and early warning index and technology system,and the selection basis for monitoring points and layers were discussed.An early warning criterion syst
3、em which includes stress,water temperature and water pressure was established.The rationality of the monitoring and early warning technique was verified preliminarily by an engineering practice which was applied on the 2113 coal face in Chengjiao coal mine.This study can be referenced by further stu
4、dy to monitor and provide early warning of water inrushes through coal floors.1.Introduction China has the most serious coal mine water hazards in the world.The coal mine water hazard not only leads to significant property losses for the country but also causes innumerable lost lives.Thus,preventing
5、 major and serious coal mine water inrush accidents and reducing loss of property and lives to a maximums extent has become a common pursuit of the whole society.The coal mine water inrush hazard has its own regularity of occurrence and characteristics.Discovering and mastering these rules in which
6、the key issue is the monitoring and early warning technique are significant for implementing mine water hazard prevention works.A monitoring and early warning technique based on the understanding of the time and space rules of mine water hazards is achieved by the recognition of the mine water inrus
7、h mechanism and a comprehensive application of different exploration methods and different levels of understanding of mine water inrush conditions.As is known,to answer when and where will a future water inrush occur,a judgment based on specific hydrogeological characteristics needs to be made and a
8、n early warning process should be obtained through some certain monitoring techniques.The technology that combines the judgment and the early warning process can be called the mine water hazard monitoring technique.This technique being established in 1980s in China has developed over nearly 30 years
9、.During this period,some coal faces were selected to be monitored.Monitoring instruments were improved many times.These practices and improvements have promoted the improvement of the mine water hazard prevention works.However,there were still some basic questions of mine water inrush monitoring due
10、 to lack of research.The application and popularization of the monitoring and early warning technique on coal mine water inrush through coal floor were limited greatly because there was no deep theoretical and practical study on monitoring conditions,selection of monitoring points and layers,and mon
11、itoring and early warning criteria.In this paper a preliminary discussion of the real-time monitoring and early warning technique is presented based on past researches.We hope to gain academic attention to promote the theoretical and applied study of monitoring and early warning techniques on water
12、inrush through coal floors.2.Monitoring condition and application scope Water inrushes through coal floors can be divided into the straight through(concentrate)type and the fissure seepage type,according to different water inrush passages 1.The straight through water inrush which is caused by the fa
13、ult or the collapse column doesnt have monitoring condition from the water inrush monitoring perspective.Either the fissure extension seepage water inrush or the fault activation inducing water inrush has a relative complete duration process 2.Experience has proved that fissure extension seepage wat
14、er inrushes and fault activation inducing water inrushes constitute the majority of water inrushes through coal floors.Monitoring on these two types of water inrush hazards can solve a large number of water inrush problems and minimize water inrush accidents through coal floors to a low level.Water
15、inrush hazards that are caused by concentrate water inrush passages(called“strong seepage passage”in some documents)should be solved by the arrangement of water prevention and isolation coal and rock pillars and by the grouting plug engineering,which are based on the exploration of characteristics o
16、f these passages through comprehensive exploration methods.We can also combine these two methods together by burying sensors in dangerous areas after the grouting engineering or by the arrangement of water prevention coal and rock pillars according to the rules for coal mine preventing and curing of water disaster.On the one hand,these monitoring sensors can evaluate the effect of the grouting engineering and reliability of coal and rock pillars.On the other hand the monitoring of water inrushes
