1、Seediscussions,stats,andauthorprofilesforthispublicationat:https:/ of Chemistry and Materials Research Vol.5(3),2016,45 57 ISSN:2381-3628 JCMR Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research ORICPublications Original Research Green Anticorrosive Oilfield Chemicals from Seed and Leave Extracts of Griffon
2、ia Simplicifolia for Mild Steel Ekemini B.Ituen1,2,*,Onyewuchi Akaranta2,3,Abosede O.James3,Shuangqin Sun1 1 Materials Physics and Chemistry Research Laboratory,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao.2 African Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research,Institute of Petroleum Studies,Universi
3、ty of Port Harcourt,Nigeria.3 Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry,University of Port Harcourt,Nigeria.Received 29 April 2016;accepted 15 June 2016 Abstract Extracts from Griffonia simplicifolia(EGS)were investigated as eco-friendly alternative oilfield chemical for protection of mild steel(M
4、S)surface in corrodible fluids associated with petroleum production.Corrosion rate was calculated in both 1M HCl and 15%HCl with and without different concentrations of the seed(SEGS)and leave(SEGS)extracts using gravimetric and electrochemical measurements.The extracts function as mixed type inhibi
5、tor and by spontaneous physical adsorption mechanism.Results from FTIR,UV-visible,SEM-EDS support possible involvement of O and N sites in adsorption by formation of surface complex protective film of EGS molecules within 60 days effective shelf life.Keywords:Acid corrosion,Adsorption,Corrosion inhi
6、bitor,EIS,EFM,Griffonia simplicifolia,Oilfield chemicals,SEM-EDS.1.Introduction Production of hydrocarbons requires the use of a number of chemicals referred to as oilfield chemicals.When existing wells deplete,the use of chemistry to maintain production through well stimulation and enhanced oil rec
7、overy operations,becomes very crucial.Oilfield chemicals also include those used as additives for the drilling mud,fluid loss additives,clay stabilizers,lubricants,biocides,corrosion inhibitors,scale inhibitors,gelling agents,filter cake removal agents,hydrate control agents,cement additives,etc.Man
8、y fluids such as fracturing,flooding,stimulation,and pickling contain acid which stimulates corrosion of associated metallic materials.*Corresponding author:E-mail address: (Ekemini B.Ituen).All rights reserved.No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
9、means without the written permission of ORIC Publications,.Steel corrosion is a major industrial problem because steel is used as structural material for production,transport,storage,etc.Since corrosion gulps a major part of production cost in the oil and gas industry,corrosion inhibitors are an imp
10、ortant class of oilfield chemicals 1.The National Association of Corrosion Engineers(NACE)estimated the direct cost of corrosion in U.S.A.at$276 billion in 1998 which was approximately 3.1%of the gross domestic product(GDP)but exceeded$1trillion in 2012 2.Globally,the annual cost of corrosion worldw
11、ide has been estimated at$2.2trillion(2010),believed to have been roughly 3%of worlds GDP 3.According to Obot 3,such funds could have been channeled to providing food for the poor as part of the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs),hence the need for something to be done to control corrosion and cut d
12、own the associated cost.The use of corrosion inhibitors has been considered an easy and cost effective approach to combating oilfield corrosion.They can be used as additives in drilling,acidizing,fracture,stimulation,and enhanced oil recovery fluids which contain corrodible agents like acid(HCl),wat
13、er and carbon(iv)oxide 4 to reduce the rate of corrosion.In the selection Online available since 2016/July/26 at (2016)Copyright ORIC Publications 46 Ekemini B.Ituen et al./Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research 5(2016)4557 of the corrosion inhibitor,important factors such as sources and cost o
14、f raw materials,its chemistry,and environmental impacts,are considered.Plant biomasses afford cheap,sustainable and eco-friendly source of corrosion inhibitors.However,it has been claimed that they degrade easily at high temperature and cannot be stored for long(i.e.they have short shelf life)5.The
15、effects of temperature on the effectiveness of some corrosion inhibitors derived from plant materials have been demonstrated in some reports 613.Nevertheless,the shelf life within which these extracts can remain efficient has not been reported in literature.In this paper,we report results of our inv
16、estigation of EGS as alternative eco-friendly anti-corrosive oilfield chemical for inhibition of mild steel corrosion for the first time.The effectiveness and efficient shelf life of EGS is estimated.Experiments were simulated in acid solutions with different corrosive strengths to estimate its suitability in different oilfield fluids from the less aggressive to highly aggressive acidizing and stimulation fluids.The corrosion process was monitored by weight loss and electrochemical(EIS,PDP,LPR a
