1、外文文献及译文文献、资料题目：Building automation security in office buildings文献、资料来源：NSTL期刊Computer Fraud & Security文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院 （部）： 专 业： 班 级： 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 翻译日期： 外文文献：Building automation security in office buildingsEve EdelsonIn many commercial facilities, the electronic systems that provide physical prote
2、ction such as card readers, closed-circuit TV and motion sensors - are themselves networked. This is also true of building utilities such as HVAC and lighting. These systems may be using proprietary protocols, or they may be on the same Ethernet network as the rest of a companys business functions -
3、 indeed, feedback about them may be considered a business function. What protects these systems? To what are they vulnerable? This article reviews some of the issues.Purely industrial networks, especially those involved in major infrastructure such as water treatment plants and telephone systems, ge
4、t more media attention because of fears of sabotage. Industrial control systems are often referred to as SCADA (supervisory computer aided data acquisition) or DCS (distributed control systems). In manufacturing, electrical transmission, and transportation, devices such as programmable logic control
5、lers (PLCs) get feedback from sensors, and control electrical switches, motors, pumps and valves. PLCs are microcomputers, introduced in the 1970s to replace electromechanical relays and nowadays often web-enabled, so that proprietary software is no longer needed to control them. Many of these devic
6、es are also found in commercial buildings. A number of proprietary and open protocols are used in industry, some of which, like BACNet (widely used in HVAC) have found their way into commercial buildings.There is also, somewhat less visibly, an increasing drive for automation in the commercial build
7、ing industry. Building automation has reached a high level of sophistication and is often outsourced. Like IT companies which started by selling software and morphed into providers of solutions, many engineering and construction companies now provide remote facilities maintenance, control of physica
8、l access, and integration of clients existing systems with IP networks to make that remote access possible. These are seen as added profit centers in a competitive industry with low profit margins. The clients would be office towers, convention centers, schools, casinos, stadiums, and real estate de
9、velopments - even prisons.For corporate tenants the attractions are the outsourcing of work which is not really part of their business, the idea of data as a business commodity, and saving money through finer control of energy demand. This last is a major selling point for utilities automation syste
10、ms - control of energy demand either on schedule - to turn off lights at night, or interactively, say to turn off heat in a hotel room when a guest settles the bill or to adjust demand in different zones to maintain an overall load, and tune internal billing accordingly. On a large campus, control s
11、ystems from different vendors using different network protocols can be managed through one web interface. Building automation also provides a way to manage tenant relations. Some buildings have domain names now, and repair calls can be submitted through a web page; thermostats and lights can be prog
12、rammed by the tenant, something which has long been the province of home automation enthusiasts.A more ambitious goal is automated response to real-time electricity pricing. This was demonstrated in principle at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where fictitious electricity prices sent as encry
13、pted XML data over public net- works triggered real changes in electricity usage in government buildings. A number of institutions are cooperating on the development of XML-based web services for buildings. The larger smart buildings movement, of which such work is a part, aims at buildings which ar
14、e efficient, self-adjusting entities exchanging data between utilities, control systems and business applications. Whether you look at an energy-efficient building as green or as a profit center, the separation between industrial and office networks, and the attendant security issues, can be less cl
15、earcut in an office tower than in a chemical plant. Regardless, a modern commercial building presents a host of security challenges.Take for example a large conference hotel. Nowadays it will have its own network engineers. Access to its hundreds of rooms, or to certain floors, can be controlled by
16、programmable key cards. Networked digital closed-circuit TV in elevators and parking garages can send streaming video to building managers mobile devices or trip alarms. Motion sensors can trigger lighting. Dining rooms convert into auditoriums with video-conferencing equipment. The exhibition hall presents physical security challenges - control of entry and protection of temporary assets in the exhibit booths. The HVA
