1、翻译部分英语原文Low-Carbon Economy-the Trend of World Economy DevelopmentAbstractLow-carbon economy is the trend of world economy development. Developing low-carbon economy, each country not only has common needs, and common interests, but also its own special interests and needs. However, the world will in
2、evitably enter a low carbon eco-economy. This paper firstly draws up a comparative study of the low-carbon economy through the development of practice to use for the reference on Chinas low- carbon economic development.Keywords：low-carbon economy, policy measures, each national practice1.1 INTRODUCT
3、IONFacing the increasing pressure of global warming, human society brings forward a new development idea of Low-carbon economy, and Low-carbon is an economical development mode to rely on technological innovation and policy measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which is the general name for a
4、 kind of economic form, such as low-carbon development, low carbon industry, low-carbon technologies, low-carbon life. In 1992, representatives of 154 countries and regions signed the first international treaty on climate change, the United Nations Framework Convention Climate Change. In 1997, the K
5、yoto Protocol was also signed in the third Conference of the Parties in Japan, in which something are particularly stressed that developed countries should strictly carry out emission reduction targets, and after 2012 continue to take the lead in emission reduction; developing countries should take
6、appropriate measures to cope with climate change for reachable contribution based on their own conditions, in particular, to focus on the introduction, digestion and absorption of advanced clean technologies within their capacity. In 2007, UN Climate Change Conference was held in Bali, Indonesia and
7、 decided to make a new arrangements for climate change negotiations before 2009. Besides, the conference shaped the Bali road map to further strengthen the comprehensive, effective and sustained implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the Kyoto Protocol ,focu
8、sing on solving mitigation, adaptation, technology and funding.In December 7, 2009, the international climate conference was held in Copenhagen, and a new agreement of future global action on climate change was signed, countries will fundamentally transfer form by changing the industrial civilizatio
9、n of high carbon emissions into ecological civilization of low carbon consumption. With penetratingly continued international action to deal with climate change, the international begin to put more emphasis on low-carbon economy. Therefore, making transition to low-carbon economy has become the worl
10、ds economic development trend.1.2. EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS OF EACH COUNTRYEUs emission reduction commitments: Related to low-carbon economy, European Union is technically in a leading position and have been dominated the international cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions work before
11、 Copenhagen Conference. EU committed to reduce its emissions by 20% in 2020 based on 1990, and expressed willingness to join with other developed countries to improve emission reduction to 30%. U.S. commitment: in 2020 greenhouse gas emissions will reduce by 17% based on 2005, and this goal has been
12、 criticized for lack of sincerity by many countries. Basing on 2005, the long-term aim of U.S. is to fulfill 30% reduction in 2025, 42% in 2030 and 83% reduction in 2050. Japans emission reduction commitment: make the reduction by 25% in 2020 based on 1990. Russias emissions reduction commitment: be
13、fore 2020, the greenhouse gas emissions will realize a 25% reduction based on 1990. Indian commitment: the density of carbon in 2020 will be low than 2005, reduced by 20% -25%. Brazils commitment: by 2020, Brazil will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 36.1% to 38.9%, and in 2020, Brazilian disaffor
14、estation will achieve 80% reduction. Chinas commitment: adhere to the relevant principles of Kyoto Protocol - each country should have common but differentiated responsibility for climate change. Considering the historical responsibility of developed countries for climate change in the process of in
15、dustrialization, we should complete deep emissions reductions by developed countries, while the developing countries voluntarily mitigate reduction and adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and developed countries should provide financial and technical support for mitigation and adaption of
16、 developing countries. China has promised in 2020, per unit of GOP of C02 emissions will lower by 40% -45% based on 2005; non-fossil energy accounts for 15% of primary energy consumption; in 2020 the forest area will be increased more than 40 million hectares compared with 2005.1.3 .POLICES AND MEASURES RELATED TO LOW-CARBON ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING1.3.1.Carbon tradingDetermine a maximum amount of carbon emissions at first, then distri
