1、翻译部分 第15页英文原文Deformation characteristics of surrounding rock of broken and soft rock roadwayWANG Jin-xi1, LIN Ming-yue1, TIAN Duan-xin2, ZHAO Cun-liang11Key Laboratory of Resource Survey and Research of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Engineering,Handan, Hebei 056038, China2The Bureau of Land an
2、d Resources of Wuan City, Wuan, Hebei 056300, ChinaAbstract:Asimilar material model and a numerical simulation were constructed and are described herein.The deformation and failure of surrounding rock of broken and soft roadway are studied by using these models. The deformation of the roof and floor
3、,the relative deformation of the two sides and the deformation of the deep surrounding rock are predicted using the model.Measurements in a working mine are compared to the results of the models. The results show that the surrounding rock shows clear rheological features under high stress conditions
4、. Deformation is unequally distributed across the whole section. The surrounding rock exhibited three deformation stages: displacement caused by stress concentration, rheological displacement after the digging effects had stabilized and displacement caused by supporting pressure of the roadway. Floo
5、r heave was serious, accounting for 65% of the total deformation of the roof and floor. Floor heave is the main reason for failure of the surrounding rock. The reasons for deformation of the surrounding rock are discussed based on the similar material and numerical simulations.Keywords: soft rock ro
6、adway; broken surrounding rock; similarity simulation; numerical simulation; deformation characteristics1 IntroductionAs the depth of underground mining and railway tunnel construction increases failure problems in the soft rock get increasing attention from departments of scientific research and co
7、nstruction1. In the 1970s, Salamon M D et al. proposed the energy supporting theory. They thought that the supporting structure and surrounding rock of a roadway interact with each other and deformed together. The supporting structure absorbs part of the energy that the surrounding rock releases in
8、the deformation stage. However, the total energy does not change. Yu X F et al. proposed that the failure of surrounding rock of roadway was the result of stresses exceeding the strength limits of the rock. Landslide changes the axis ratio of the roadway, which leads to stress redistribution, i.e. a
9、 reduction in high stress and an increase in low stress to reach a stable balance. The roadway would be steady when the stress is equally distributed: Its final shape is elliptic. Dong F T et al. proposed the theory of the broken rock zone around roadway. His basic viewpoint was that the broken rock
10、 zone of a bare roadway is close to zero. Although elasto-plastic deformation of surrounding rock of the roadway occurs, the rock needs no supporting. Deformation increases with an increase in the broken rock zone. And the bigger the deformation is the more difficult support is. Therefore, the purpo
11、se of support is to prevent harmful deforma- tion in the broken rock zone around roadway1. The distribution of the plastic zone and an asymmetrical control mechanism of the surrounding roadway rock using weak structures were discussed in Reference 9. Meanwhile, the stability of surrounding rocks of
12、roadways was studied from various points of view. Owing to the lack of research related to soft rock engineering or large deformations in soft rock, most soft rock roadways are currently maintained just after being dug. They are difficult to support, which is a disadvantage for safe production in th
13、e mine. This seriously influences the economic benefits of the enterprise. Therefore, the deformation and support of soft rock roadway is one of the key problems of coal mining. Developing safe production requires better information2. The deformation of a broken soft rock roadway is simulated by a s
14、imilar-material experi- ment and by a numerical model based on geological conditions and supporting parameters of a refit roadway. The results are described in this paper. The deformation and failure characteristics of a broken soft rock roadway were analyzed based on the measured results.2 Analysis
15、 of engineering conditions2.1 Geological conditionsThe roadway studied is at a level of 600 m. The ground elevation is +160 m so the total depth of the roadway is 760 m. The roof of the roadway is 26 m below Coal 2 and the floor of the roadway is 14 m above Coal 3. The surrounding rocks of the roadw
16、ay are mostly grey and black sandy mudstone. The mine-field structure is complex. The ground stress is high: the maximum principal stress is 2530 MPa at an azimuth of 270o275o. The cleavage fractures are well developed in the surrounding rock and there is serious broken deformation. Normal work was affected by large rapid deformations in many of the roadways. The effect is particularly obvious when the roadway
